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Joe LeDoux discusses Signal Avodance Conditioning. In other words, he discusses the issue of "incenting" a target audience to respond to stimulus ("active coping") in a desired, rather than passively coping within fear state ("passive coping"), failing to act in the desired manner. This is an introduction to the brain science behind the OODA Loop technique (observe -> orient -> decide -> act) that I have referred to elsewhere in this forum, where Observe+Orient are the signalling that over time cause the desired Decide+Action in the target audience.
Signal Avodance Conditioning, Process:
Phase 1: Pavlovian Fear Conditioning (pavlovian elicitor of fear) ->
Phase II: Instrumental Avoidance Learning (incentive stimulus that the animal is using to motivate an instrumental response that will reduce the fear that the warning signal warns about) ->
Phase III: Also becomes a second order condition reinforcer, because over time the target audience will learn to perform this response simply to turn off the warning signal (pavlovian elicitor of fear) off without ever experience the shock
Signal Avodance Conditioning, Process:
Phase 1: Pavlovian Fear Conditioning (pavlovian elicitor of fear) ->
Phase II: Instrumental Avoidance Learning (incentive stimulus that the animal is using to motivate an instrumental response that will reduce the fear that the warning signal warns about) ->
Phase III: Also becomes a second order condition reinforcer, because over time the target audience will learn to perform this response simply to turn off the warning signal (pavlovian elicitor of fear) off without ever experience the shock