Re: Saudi bets the farm................
What alliance? I am not aware of any formal alliance that involves just these three nations.
The formal alliance of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization includes the Central Asia States that were part of the Soviet Union, and may one day include Iran, India, Pakistan and Mongolia, all of which have been invited in the past as observers to SCO meetings.
I'll make the observation that for the existing members the primary driving force for the military aspect of the SCO is weighted to internal security concerns. Every current SCO member is aware that the threat posed by the USA directly or via NATO pales in comparison to the internal threat from political terrorism and tribal separatist movements. Although the "war games" attract the most international media attention (especially the "outmaneuvered America in decline" shtick), it is the sharing of counter-terrorism and other security intelligence that most interests the authoritarian "Presidents for Life" that preside over all of the FSU countries, including Russia. The "enemy within" is always far more dangerous than the global hegemon; that is why every one of these countries are quasi police states. Quite naturally China has the most to gain by promoting military peace, political stability and economic trade in the region. Not only is it after the considerable raw material and energy inputs of the region, but China also needs to reduce its over-dependence on US consumers and add new markets for its prodigious output if it hopes to maintain/restore a high growth economy.
I was based in and working out of Almaty, Kazakhstan during most of 2012. Almaty is Kazakhstan's largest city, its commercial center and not far from the Chinese border on the route from Urumqi. Outside the city of Almaty, away from the Tien Shan, are some of the most extensive and lush grasslands anywhere. Anywhere else there would be huge farms and ranches (and organic beef and lamb being exported at premium prices to the luxury hotels and restaurants in Europe). In Kazakhstan there's only widely scattered dirt-poor traditional subsistence herders, and most of the land is emptier than Wyoming. Meanwhile at the closest border point, which can take all day to cross, there is an enormous flow of Chinese agricultural products headed west. Many of these are officially illegal to import into Kazakhstan (legislation to protect the domestic farmers), but the poorly paid Kazakh border guards are easily bribed, no duties are collected, and the Chinese continue to put their bureaucracy and corruption burdened higher cost Kazakh competitors out of business. And the officials in the Ministries in remote Astana don't much seem to care as it makes no difference whatsoever in their lives. Its an interesting dynamic, and illustrative of why and how China will continue to hold the upper hand over all the others in this relationship, especially now that the FSU member primary income source, mineral & energy commodities, has collapsed.
Originally posted by meofio
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The formal alliance of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization includes the Central Asia States that were part of the Soviet Union, and may one day include Iran, India, Pakistan and Mongolia, all of which have been invited in the past as observers to SCO meetings.
I'll make the observation that for the existing members the primary driving force for the military aspect of the SCO is weighted to internal security concerns. Every current SCO member is aware that the threat posed by the USA directly or via NATO pales in comparison to the internal threat from political terrorism and tribal separatist movements. Although the "war games" attract the most international media attention (especially the "outmaneuvered America in decline" shtick), it is the sharing of counter-terrorism and other security intelligence that most interests the authoritarian "Presidents for Life" that preside over all of the FSU countries, including Russia. The "enemy within" is always far more dangerous than the global hegemon; that is why every one of these countries are quasi police states. Quite naturally China has the most to gain by promoting military peace, political stability and economic trade in the region. Not only is it after the considerable raw material and energy inputs of the region, but China also needs to reduce its over-dependence on US consumers and add new markets for its prodigious output if it hopes to maintain/restore a high growth economy.
I was based in and working out of Almaty, Kazakhstan during most of 2012. Almaty is Kazakhstan's largest city, its commercial center and not far from the Chinese border on the route from Urumqi. Outside the city of Almaty, away from the Tien Shan, are some of the most extensive and lush grasslands anywhere. Anywhere else there would be huge farms and ranches (and organic beef and lamb being exported at premium prices to the luxury hotels and restaurants in Europe). In Kazakhstan there's only widely scattered dirt-poor traditional subsistence herders, and most of the land is emptier than Wyoming. Meanwhile at the closest border point, which can take all day to cross, there is an enormous flow of Chinese agricultural products headed west. Many of these are officially illegal to import into Kazakhstan (legislation to protect the domestic farmers), but the poorly paid Kazakh border guards are easily bribed, no duties are collected, and the Chinese continue to put their bureaucracy and corruption burdened higher cost Kazakh competitors out of business. And the officials in the Ministries in remote Astana don't much seem to care as it makes no difference whatsoever in their lives. Its an interesting dynamic, and illustrative of why and how China will continue to hold the upper hand over all the others in this relationship, especially now that the FSU member primary income source, mineral & energy commodities, has collapsed.
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